Friday, March 25, 2011

Reading Program Cost

Reading Intervention Program Cost

The cost for most English reading intervention programs is about $100-$250 per students per year. This may seem to be a usury licence fee that does not include teaching maternal, books, training, software, or teaching cost . $100 per student sounds like a bargain to help a child to read, but that fee is just to use what amounts to best practice. $4,000-$20,000 per class or $25,000-$75,000 for an average site or building licence starts to ad up for a cash strapped district. The licence fee is just the start so price and overall cost can range greatly based of teacher training, teaching materials, software, basils, workbooks and the cost of the teachers time. Reading intervention programs are a billion dollar industry in the US and gaining traction with a society that is less prone to value children's literacy. Most published reading programs have shown little statistical growth as compared with a motivated highly trained teacher using best practice. The Chicago Public School district will spend around $12,900,000 to implement a published reading intervention program 2010-2011. Finding actual real cost or cost benefit analysis is virtually impossible because of pricing structure that the publishers use to hide the real totals from public scrutiny.

THE STRANGE TRUTH BEHIND THE HIGH COST OF TESTING

Excerpt from Reading Between the Lines by Stephen Metcalf "And, not surprising­ly, the Bush legislatio­n has ardent supporters in the testing and textbook publishing industries­. ...an executive for publishing giant NCS Pearson addressed a Waldorf ballroom filled with Wall Street analysts. According to Education Week, the executive displayed a quote from President-­elect Bush calling for state testing and school-by-­school report cards, and announced, "This almost reads like our business plan." The bill has allotted $387 million to get states up to speed; the National Associatio­n of State Boards of Education estimates that properly funding the testing mandate could cost anywhere from $2.7 billion to $7 billion. The bottom line? "This promises to be a bonanza for the testing companies,­" says Monte Neill of FairTest, a Boston-bas­ed nonprofit. "Fifteen states now test in all the grades Bush wants. All the rest are going to have to increase the amount of testing they do." Testing was already big business: According to Peter Sacks, author of Standardiz­ed Minds: The High Price of America's Testing Culture and What We Can Do to Change It, between 1960 and 1989 sales of standardiz­ed tests to public schools more than doubled, while enrollment increased only 15 percent. Over the past five years alone, state testing expenditur­es have almost tripled, from $141 million to $390 million, according to Achieve Inc., a standards-­movement group formed by governors and CEOs. "



TESTING KIDS IS BIG $$$$$­$$$$ MONEY!



Food for thought, students that struggle with learning to reading lose hope and dignity. We forget that resiliency has an expiration date for most students. I refuse to let my students lose hope and dignity by teaching them ALL to read! Crash through the expectation of student failure. 
What is the cost of most published reading interventions?


The WWC publishes intervention reports that evaluate research on adolescent literacy
curricula and instructional strategies for students in grades 4–12. These curricula and
strategies are intended to increase skills in alphabetics, reading fluency, comprehension,
and general literacy achievement.
All Interventions identified: 
Adolescent Literacy (Count = 15)

InterventionReview StatusLast Updated
Accelerated Reader™
… is a guided reading intervention used to supplement regular reading instruction in K–12 classrooms. Its aim is to improve students’ r…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesAugust 2010
Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID)
AVID is a college-readiness program whose primary goal is to prepare middle and high school students for enrollment in four-year colleges through increased acc…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesSeptember 2010
Book clubs
… provide a reading framework designed to supplement or organize regular classroom reading instruction for students in grades K-8. This review focuses…
No studies meeting evidence standardsSeptember 2010
ClassWide Peer Tutoring
- no report available
Reviewing research, report pending---
Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI)
Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction is a reading comprehension instructional program for grades 3–9 that integrates reading and science through activities and…
No studies meeting evidence standardsAugust 2010
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition© (CIRC)
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition® is a reading and writing program for students in grades 2 through 6. It has three principal elements: story-rel…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2010
Corrective Reading 
…is designed to promote reading accuracy (decoding), fluency, and comprehension skills of students in grades 4–12 who are reading below their…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesSeptember 2010
Fast ForWord®
… is a computer-based reading program intended to help students develop and strengthen the cognitive skills necessary for successful reading an…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2010
Project CRISS®
… (CReating Independence through Student-owned Strategies) is a professional development program for teachers that aims to improve reading, wr…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2010
Read 180
… is a reading program designed for students in elementary through high school whose reading achievement is below the proficient level. The goal of READ…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeOctober 2009
Reading Apprenticeship®
… is an instructional approach that intends to help middle school, high school, and community college students develop skills and kno…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2010
Reading Mastery
…, one of several curriculum components that constitute the Direct Instruction curriculum from SRA/McGraw-Hill, is designed to provide systematic…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2010
Reading Plus®
… is a web-based reading intervention that uses technology to provide individualized scaffolded silent reading practice for students in grade 3…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeSeptember 2010
Reciprocal Teaching
… is an interactive instructional practice that aims to improve students’ reading comprehension by teaching strategies to obtain meaning from…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesSeptember 2010
SuccessMaker®
The SuccessMaker program is a set of computer-based courses used to supplement regular classroom reading instruction in grades K–8. Using adaptive lessons tail…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2009


The WWC publishes intervention reports that evaluate research on beginning reading 
curricula and instructional strategies for students in grades K–3. These curricula and 
strategies are intended to increase skills in alphabetics, reading fluency, comprehension, 
and general reading achievement.


All Interventions identified:
Beginning Reading (Count = 171)

InterventionReview StatusLast Updated
100 Book Challenge
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJune 2005
Academic Associates Learning Centers
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Academy of Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Accelerated Reader™
… is a guided reading intervention used to supplement regular reading instruction in K–12 classrooms. Its aim is to improve students’ r…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeOctober 2008
AlphabiTunes
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Alpha-Time
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
America's Choice
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Athens Tutorial Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Balanced Early Literacy Initiative
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Barton Reading and Spelling System
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Benchmark Word Recognition Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Book Buddies
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Bookmark
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Bradley Reading and Language Arts
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Breakthrough to Literacy
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Bridge
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Bring the Classics to Life
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
C.L.A.P., A sound Approach to Pre-Reading Skills
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
California Early Literacy Learning (CELL)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Carbo Reading Styles Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
CIERA School Change Project, The
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
ClassWide Peer Tutoring
A peer-assisted instructional strategy designed to be integrated with most existing reading curricula. This approach provides students with increased opportuni…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
CompassLearning
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Compensatory Language Experiences and Reading Program (CLEAR)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Comprehensive Curriculum for Early Student Success (ACCESS)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Concept Phonics Fluency Set
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition© (CIRC)
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition® (CIRC) is a comprehensive reading and writing program for students in grades 2 through 8. It include…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesJuly 2007
Core Knowledge Curriculum
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Cornerstone Literacy Initiative
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Corrective Reading
 is designed to promote reading accuracy (decoding), fluency, and comprehension skills of students in third grade or higher who are re…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
Crossties
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
DaisyQuest
 is a software bundle that offers computer-assisted instruction in phonological awareness, targeting children aged three to seven years (or pr…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeSeptember 2006
Davis Learning Strategies Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Destination Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Different Ways of Knowing
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction and CIRC
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/DISTAR
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/DISTAR and Success for All
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/Horizons
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/RITE
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/Spelling Mastery
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/SRA
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct Instruction/Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Direct, Intensive, Systematic, Early and Comprehensive (DISEC) Instruction
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Discover Intensive Phonics for Yourself
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Discovery Health Connection
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Dr. Cupp Readers & Journal Writers
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Early Intervention in Reading (EIR)®
 is a program designed to provide extra instruction to groups of students at risk of failing to read. The progra…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeNovember 2008
Earobics®
Interactive software that provides students in pre-K through third grade with individual, systematic instruction in early literacy skills as students interact…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJanuary 2009
Edison Schools
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Emerging Readers Software
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Essential Skills Software
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Evidence Based Literacy Instruction
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Exemplary Center for Reading Instruction (ECRI)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Failure Free Reading
 is a language development program designed to improve vocabulary, fluency, word recognition, and reading comprehension for Kinderga…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
Fast ForWord®
… is a computer-based reading program intended to help students develop and strengthen the cognitive skills necessary for successful reading an…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
Fast Track Action Reading Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Felipe's Sound Search
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
First grade Literacy Intervention Program (FLIP)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
First Steps
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Flippen Reading Connections™
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Fluency Formula™
 is a supplemental curriculum designed to promote reading fluency for first- through sixth-grade students. The program emphasizes…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2007
Four Block Framework
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Frontline Phonics
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Fundations
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Funnix
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
GOcabulary Program for Elementary Students
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Goldman-Lynch Language Simulation Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Goldman-Lynch Sounds-in-Symbols Development Kit
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Guided Discovery LOGO
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Headsprout Early Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Hooked on Phonics ®
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Houghton Mifflin Reading©
A reading program for instruction in grades K–6. It uses Big Books (authentic literature), anthologies, Read Alouds, and audio compact discs to provide step-by…
No studies meeting evidence standardsSeptember 2008
Huntington Phonics
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
IntelliTools Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Invitations to Literacy
Developed by the Houghton Mifflin Company, an integrated K–82 reading and language arts program. The philosophy behind the program is that literacy instruction…
No studies meeting evidence standardsDecember 2008
Irlen Method
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Jigsaw Classroom
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Johnny Can Spell
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Jostens Integrated Language Arts Basic Learning System
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Kindergarten Intervention Program (KIP)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Kindergarten Works
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Ladders to Literacy
 is a supplemental early literacy curriculum published in …: A Kindergarten Activity Book.The program targe…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2007
Leap into Phonics
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
LeapFrog Schoolhouse
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Letter People
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Letterland
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Lexia Reading
… is a computerized reading program that provides phonics instruction and gives students independent practice in basic reading skills. Lexia Readin…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2009
Lindamood Phonemic Sequencing (LiPS)®
Designed to teach students skills to decode words and to identify individual sounds and blends in words. Initial activities engage students in discovering the…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeDecember 2008
LinguiSystems
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Literacy Collaborative
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Literacy First
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Little Books
The  are a set of books designed for interactive book reading between parents and children or teachers and students. The books use thematic…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeApril 2007
LocuTour Multimedia Cognitive Rehabilitation
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Merit Reading Software Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
My Reading Coach™
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
National Geographic Society and Arizona Geographic Alliance K-8 Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
New American Schools
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
New Century Integrated Instructional System
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
New Heights
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
North Carolina A+ Schools network
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Onward to Excellence
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Open Court Reading
An elementary basal reading program for grades K-6 developed by SRA/McGraw-Hill. The program is designed to systematically teach decoding, comprehension, inqui…
No studies meeting evidence standardsAugust 2008
Pacemaker
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Pause, Prompt, & Praise ©
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Peabody Language Development Kits
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies
… is a peer-tutoring program for use in elementary school classrooms to improve student proficiency in reading. Its purpose is…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
Performance Learning Systems
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Phono-Graphix
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Programmed Tutorial Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project CHILD
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project FAST
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project LISTEN's Writing Tutor
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project PLUS (Partnership Linking University School Personnel)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Project Read® Phonology
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
QuickReads
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Rainbow Reading Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Read Naturally®
… is an elementary and middle school supplemental reading program designed to improve reading fluency using a combination of books, audiotape…
Evidence of mixed or no discernable effects for all improvement outcomesJuly 2007
Read Well®
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Read, Write & Type!™
… Learning System is a software program with supporting materials designed to teach beginning reading skills by emphasizing…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeMay 2007
Reading Intervention for Early Success
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Mastery
One of several curriculum components that constitute the Scientific Research Associate’s Direct Instruction curriculum, is designed to provide systematic instr…
No studies meeting evidence standardsAugust 2008
Reading Recovery®
 is a short-term tutoring intervention program intended to serve the lowest-achieving (bottom 20%) first-grade students. The goals…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeDecember 2008
Reading Rods
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Speed Drills
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Success from the Start
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Theater
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Together™
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Reading Upgrade
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Richards Read Systematic Language Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Right Start to Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Road to the Code
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
S.P.I.R.E.
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
SAIL (Second grade Acceleration in Literacy)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Saxon Phonics
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Schoolwide Early Language and Literacy (SWELL)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sing, Spell, Read, and Write (SSRW)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
SkillsTutor
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Soar to Success
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sonday System
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sound Field System
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sound Foundations
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sound Partners
… (Vadasy et al., 2004) is a phonics-based tutoring program that provides supplemental reading instruction to elementary school students grades K…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeSeptember 2010
Sound Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sounds Abound
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sounds and Symbols Early Reading Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
SpellRead™
SpellRead™ (formerly known as SpellRead Phonological Auditory Training®) is a literacy program for struggling readers in grades 2 or ab…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
Starfall
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Start Making a Reader Today® (SMART®)
 is a volunteer tutoring program widely implemented in Oregon for students in grades K-2 who are at risk of…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2007
Stepping Stones to Literacy
… (SSL) is a supplemental curriculum designed to promote listening, print conventions, phonological awareness, phonemic awaren…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJune 2007
STEPS (Sequential Teaching of Explicit Phonics and Spelling)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Stories and More
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Story Comprehension to Go
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Strategies that Work
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Success for All®
Success for All (SFA)® is a whole-school reform model that includes a reading, writing, and oral language development program for students in prekindergart…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2009
SuccessMaker®
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Sullivan Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Tribes Learning Communities®
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Voices Reading
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
VoWac (Vowel Oriented Word Attack Course)
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Voyager Universal Literacy System®
The  is a core reading program designed to help students learn to read at or above grade level by the end of the t…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeAugust 2007
Waterford Early Reading Program
A software-based curriculum for students in Kindergarten through second grade. The curriculum is designed to promote reading, writing, and typing, incorporatin…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
WiggleWorks
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Wilson Reading
A supplemental reading and writing curriculum designed to promote reading accuracy (decoding) and spelling (encoding) skills for students with word-level defic…
Evidence of positive or potentially positive effects for at least one improvement outcomeJuly 2007
WORKSHOP WAY - Instant Personality Phonics Activities
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Wright Group's Intervention Program
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007
Writing to Read
- no report available
No studies meeting evidence standardsJuly 2007

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