Learn to Read

Learn To Read English

“The great object to be accomplished in reading as a rhetorical exercise is, to convey to the hearer, fully and clearly, the ideas and feelings of the writer.” McGuffey, William Holmes

NEVER GIVE UP!

Learning to read is a need that must be met with with great enthusiasm by both teacher and student.  The process is easy for most and utterly difficult for a few.  

The Five Domains of Reading 

1. Vocabulary: 

The four types of vocabulary. 

auditory, 

spoken, 

reading, 

writing

2. Phonemic Awareness:  is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning. Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes, /k/, /æ/, and /t/, requires phonemic awareness.

3. Phonics : refers to a method for teaching speakers of English to read and write that language. Phonics involves teaching how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters (e.g., that the sound /k/ can be represented by c, k, ck, ch, or q spellings) and teaching them to blend the sounds of letters together to produce approximate pronunciations of unknown words.

4. Fluency: is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Fluency bridges word decoding and comprehension. Comprehension is understanding what has been read. Fluency is a set of skills that allows readers to rapidly decode text while maintaining a high level of comprehension (National Reading Panel, 2001).

5. Reading Comprehension: is defined as the level of understanding of a writing

44 Phonemes are the foundation of all beginning reading programs. 

The English Alphabet Code 'Key': 

44 phonemes with their common 'sound pattern' representations:Vowels (19):

1. |a| mat
2. |ae| ape, baby, rain, tray, they, eight
3. |air| square, bear
4. |ar| jar, fast
5. |e| peg, bread
6. |ee| sweet, me, beach, key, pony
7. |i| pig, wanted
8. |ie| kite, wild, light, fly
9. |o| log, orange
10. |oe| bone, boat, snow
11. |oi| coin, boy
12. |oo| book, would, put
13. |ow| down, house
14. |or| fork, ball, sauce, law,
15. |u| plug, glove
16. |ur| burn, teacher, work, first
17. |ue| blue, moon, screw, tune
18. |uh| (schwa) button, computer, hidden, doctor
19. |w| wet, wheelConsonants (25):
20. |b| boy, rabbit
21. |ks|gz| box exist
22. |c|k| cat |key, duck, school
23. |ch| chip, watch
24. |d| dog, ladder
25. |f| fish, coffee, photo, tough
26. |g| gate, egg, ghost
27. |h| hat, whole
28. |j| jet, giant, cage, bridge
29. |l| lip, bell, sample
30. |m| man, hammer, comb
31. |n| nut, dinner, knee, gnat
32. |ng| ring, singer
33. |p| pan, happy
34. |kw| queen
35. |r| rat, cherry, write
36. |s| sun, dress, house, city, mice
37. |sh| ship, mission, station, chef
38. |t| tap, letter, debt
39. |th| thrush
40. |th| that
41. |v| vet, sleeve
42. |y| yes
43. |z| zip, fizz, sneeze, is, cheese
44. |zh| treasure

Mastering the Dolch Sight words are a key component in the learning process.

Sight words do not always follow phonemic rules and must be mastered by sight.

Sight Words: are any word that is known by a reader automatically. Sight words are the basis behind the whole-word approach to reading education. Some have suggested that sight words and the whole-word approach to reading are a significant teaching technique considering 65% of the population identify themselves as visual learners. However, the majority of recent educational research suggests that phonetic based learning strategies are more effective for languages written with alphabets, such as English. Small children are also predominantly visual learners and can therefore learn to read more effectively using sight words and the whole-word approach, if their language has an ideographic or syllabic writing system, such as Japanese or Chinese. Scientific studies have also shown that children with learning difficulties such as Dyslexia, Autism or Down syndrome are also visual learners, and therefore also read words as pictures[citation needed]. In learning to read via the sight words, readers begin to understand that a word represents a 'thing'. wiki article

PRESCHOOL: a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you

KINDERGARTEN: all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes

1st Grade: after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, giving, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when

2nd Grade: always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don't, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your

3rd Grade: about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm

Nouns: apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, good-bye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood

The articulated/spoken daily vocabulary of Americans is 1000-2000 words for non college educated adults and 2000-3000 words for college educated adults.

• 107 words make up over 50% of the words you read! 
• 1000 words make up 75-80% of the words you read! 
• 5,000 words make up 85-90% of the words you read!

BASIC WORDS YOU MUST MASTER IN ENGLISH!

This is a list of the 850 words in the Basic English core vocabulary. These words all denote simple concepts commonly used in everyday life.  Charles Kay Ogden 

Wiki Appendix:Basic English word list

Operations - 100 words

come, get, give, go, keep, let, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will, about, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with, as, for, of, till, than, a, the, all, any, every, no, other, some, such, that, this, I, he, you, who, and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again, ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, then, there, together, well, almost, enough, even, little, much, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes.

400 general words

A-F

account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behaviour, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, colour, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry, current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit

G-O

glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbour, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humour, ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning, mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number, observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament, owner

P-Z

page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run, salt, sand, scale, science, sea, seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam, steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing, year.

Things - 201 picturable words

angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, carpet, cart, carriage, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion,depression, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, rug, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm.

Qualities - 100 descriptive words

able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, deep, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young.

Qualities - 50 opposites

awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong.

Learning Vocabulary 

• Indirectly. Children learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through everyday experiences with oral and written language--e.g., through conversations with adults, through being read to, and through reading extensively on their own. 
• Directly. Children learn vocabulary directly when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies. 
• Vocabulary refers to the words we must know to communicate effectively in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. Children use words in their oral vocabulary to make sense of the words they see in print. 
• Vocabulary is also important in reading comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they are reading unless they know what most of the words mean.
• Find great literature and dive in.

Checklist For Beginning Readers 

1. My child knows all the letters of the alphabet.
2. My child knows the difference between letters and words, and knows there are spaces between words in print.
3. My child knows that written words represent speech and can show how words are represented by letters arranged in a specific order.
4. My child knows some punctuation marks and where sentences and paragraphs begin and end. 
5. My child knows some punctuation marks and where sentences and paragraphs begin and end. 
6. My child is beginning to understand and explain why people read. 
7. My child can put together (blend) and break apart the sounds of most one-syllable words and can count the number of syllables in a word.
8. My child can sound out words he doesn't know, and recognize some irregularly spelled words, such as have, said, you, and are.
9. My child reads first grade books aloud, and can tell when she cannot understand what she is reading
10. My child reads and understands simple written instructions.
11. My child uses what he already knows to enrich what he is reading. 
12. My child predicts what will happen next in a story
13. My child asks questions (how, why, what if?) about books she is reading and can describe what she has learned from a book.
14. My child uses invented spelling in his writing and also understands that there is correct way to spell words.
15. My child uses simple punctuation marks and capital letters.
16. My child writes for different purposes— stories, explanations, lists, letters—and reads and revises her writing.
17. My child uses language with more control, speaks in complete sentences, and uses more formal language at school than at home and with friends.
18. My child is curious about words and uses new words when he speaks and writes.
19. My child is beginning to see that some words mean the same thing (synonyms) and some mean the opposite (antonyms).
20. My child is learning that words play different roles in sentences—that nouns name things and verbs show action, for example

Free Remedial Reading Assessment 206 pp PDF